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Many marine stocks are endangered by inadequate or unreported exploitation, and mislabelling can enhance the problem. We focused this work on two morphologically similar marine species that are caught together in mixed fisheries, the European common megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) and the four-spotted megrim (L. boscii). We sampled 239 megrim individuals directly from landings from five different points of Spain, the world's main consumer of megrim, and 264 megrims from five different markets. Samples were genetically analyzed and identified with a species-specific marker. We found that 40% of megrims were incorrectly labelled at landings, and this mislabelling error increased to 60% at markets, the highest values ever reported for fish and shellfish. In addition, although most landings across Europe (90%) were identified as L. whiffiagonis, genetic results showed that only 49% belonged to this …