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Structural MRI studies of schizophrenia have yielded a diversity of findings. To help characterize regional gray matter changes in schizophrenia, we used an automated region of interest (ROI)-based approach that targeted frontal and temporal regions in schizophrenia patients. The sample compromised 43 schizophrenia patients (21 chronic patients, 22 unmedicated first episode patients), 20 first episode non-schizophrenia psychosis patients and 47 comparison subjects. Automated regional volume measurement was performed in 22 ROIs, including frontal and temporal cortical subregions and hippocampus. Correlations between volume measures, duration of illness and clinical scores were evaluated. Chronic schizophrenia patients showed gray matter volume differences in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and right supplementary motor area (SMA). First episode psychosis patients presented smaller …