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Research in forest vegetation management has followed the agricultural paradigm. Shifting public attitudes about forestry practices, however, are forcing forest managers to seek alternative approaches to managing forest vegetation. Applied research is needed to (i) search for alternatives to current uses of forest herbicides, (ii) more fully document and understand crop tree responses to vegetation manipulation, (iii) construct growth and yield models that link effects produced in young stands with those of older stands, and (iv) better understand the relationship between wildlife and vegetation management. Fundamental research also is needed to (i) understand the ecosystem impacts and processes associated with vegetation management practices, (ii) develop biological methods for forest weed control, and (iii) understand the social interface with forest vegetation management.