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As the cost of sequencing the human genome falls, medical use of whole-genome sequencing will rapidly advance. 1 In this Viewpoint, we consider the opportunities and challenges that medicine will face in coping with the foreseeable flood of genomic information. Clinical genetic testing in adults is at present typically done for a few patients who, as a result of family history or clinical indications, are considered at risk of carrying genetic variations that are linked to a particular disease or disease predisposition. Additionally, some companies offer genome-wide genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms, providing limited information about disease risks and often bypassing the medical system to go directly to consumers. Reduced sequencing costs seem likely to cause a rise in whole-genome sequencing. Compared with present clinical genetic testing, wholegenome sequencing greatly expands the breadth of …