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A high-solid anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating food waste was continuously operated to investigate AnMBR performance and membrane fouling behavior. The optimal methane yield of 0.57 ± 0.08 L-CH₄/g-VS_in and organic loading rate (OLR) of 6.00 ± 0.59 g-VS/L/d indicated that a high-rate methane fermentation of food waste was achieved by the AnMBR. The resistance-in-series (RIS) model was applied to delineate the resistances of different fouling fractions and elucidate fouling behavior under different filtration modes. The results showed that organic pore blocking was the dominant fouling at the low filtration to relaxation (F/R) ratio, accounting for 60% of the total resistance. By contrast, the cake layer governed the fouling when the F/R ratio became larger, accounting for 54% of the total resistance. To better understand membrane fouling behavior, the characteristics of cake sludge were …