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Among the various anaerobic digestion technologies developed for wastewater treatment and resource recovery, the anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) stands out as a viable alternative to traditional processes. However, the practical use of the AnMBR to treat a huge amount of low to moderate strength wastewater, like municipal wastewater (MWW), at ambient temperature, remains a challenge due to the membrane fouling issue and a low bioenergy recovery efficiency. In this review, the basics of the AnMBR process regarding membrane and bioreactor configurations are introduced. Then, the performance of the AnMBR with regard to pollutant removal and biogas production is discussed with special emphasis on analyzing the origin and fate of multicomponent biogas in the liquid–gaseous phases based on theoretical predictions and reported experimental results. A review of the studies on the …