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This chapter describes the design and the contextual backgrounds of the societies of settlement and the immigrant groups involved in the ICSEY project. The cultural principle requires the elaboration of some features of the societies of settlement, and of the immigrant groups that have come to settle in them, and an account of the nature of their intercultural relationships. Although the percentage of immigrants residing in a society is one indicator of cultural diversity, other indicators are available in the literature. Australia has a high level of immigration, with 24.6% of the population of nearly 20 million not born in the country. Israel is a country of high immigration, with 37.4% of its population of almost 6 million having been born abroad. Israel is thus high on actual diversity. Two thirds of the US population believe that rates of immigration should be reduced.