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To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and risk factors among young and middle-aged Japanese office workers using visual display terminals (VDTs).

Cross-sectional prevalence survey.

Four thousand three hundred ninety-three Japanese young and middle-aged office workers using VDTs.

Office workers completed questionnaires sent by e-mail designed to detect dry eye diagnosis and risk factors.

Clinically diagnosed DED was defined as the presence of a previous clinical diagnosis of DED by dry eye specialists or severe symptoms of DED (both dryness and irritation constantly or often). Current symptoms of DED and possible risk factors such as age, duration of VDT use, type of VDT work, environmental factors, presence of systemic diseases, systemic medicine use, smoking history, and contact lens (CL) use …