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Due to limited biomass availability, the establishment of optimal route biofuel value chains (one conversion route for each feedstock) is a key prerequisite for a feasible bioenergy sector. This way, biorefineries can take advantage of the economies of scale and increase their economic potential. Therefore, techno-economic comparison between similar conversion processes for the utilisation of individual feedstocks is essential. To this effect, the present study focuses on the feasibility of two biomass to liquids (BtL) thermochemical conversion routes for the production of hydrocarbon fuels. Aspen plus software was employed to investigate a gasification followed by Fischer–Tropsch synthesis route (G-FT) and fast pyrolysis followed by hydroprocessing (FP-H) by developing process flowsheets and solving the associated mass, and energy balances. Based on the simulations, thermodynamic (energy/exergy analysis) and …