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Viewing the legal framework for the contemporary international protection, one needs to consider the broader global context from which the refugee protection regime has emerged—in particular, a historical milieu that has aided the comprehension of modern discourses and debates on the feasibility and sustainability of current refugee policies at international, regional and national levels. Since its conceptualisation, the international refugee protection framework has presented dilemmas such as balancing the discretionary nature of granting asylum from persecution with international commitments to human rights and obligations of non-refoulement, as well as nondiscrimination. This poses problems as technical as they are practical. Consequently, states worldwide often fall short in fulfilling their obligations of protecting asylum seekers and refugees who seek safety in their territories.

The subject matter can be …