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The flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is a nature-inspired algorithm that imitates the pollination behavior of flowering plants. Optimal plant reproduction strategy involves the survival of the fittest as well as the optimal reproduction of plants in terms of numbers. These factors represent the fundamentals of the FPA and are optimization-oriented. Yang developed the FPA in 2012, which has since shown superiority to other metaheuristic algorithms in solving various real-world problems, such as power and energy, signal and image processing, communications, structural design, clustering and feature selection, global function optimization, computer gaming, and wireless sensor networking. Recently, many variants of FPA have been developed by modification, hybridization, and parameter-tuning to cope with the complex nature of optimization problems. Therefore, this chapter provides a comprehensive review …