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Materials and methods:

We recruited 30 healthy non-obese participants who were randomised to either supplement their diet with extra fruits or nuts, each at+ 7 kcal/kg body weight/day, for 2 months.

Results:

Fructose intake increased from 9.1±6.0 to 25.6±9.6 g/day, P< 0.0001, in the fruit group and was reduced from 12.4±5.7 to 6.5±5.3 g/day, P= 0.007, in the nut group. Serum-vitamin C increased in both groups (fruit: P= 0.017; nuts: P= 0.009). α-Tocopherol/cholesterol ratio increased in the fruit group (P= 0.0033) while β-carotene/cholesterol decreased in the nut group (P< 0.0001). The amount of subjects with probing pocket depths⩾ 4 mm in the fruit group was reduced (P= 0.045) according to blinded examinations, and the difference in the changes in probing pockets⩾ 4 mm was also statistically significant between the food groups (P= 0.010).

Conclusion:

A large increase of fruit intake, compared with nuts, had a …