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Seattle, Washington 98195 Changeux—are better established for NO/O2. This hemoglobin-based paradigm for protein regulation (JSS, Two signaling systems, based on the principle of post- Duke University, Durham, NC) has been expanded retranslational modification of proteins, are conserved cently by the discovery of an enzymatic function for throughout evolution and influence most aspects of cel- hemoglobin, operating within the confines of a memlular physiology—one is phosphorylation and the other brane-localized signaling module by binding to its target is redox based. Both exemplify dynamic regulation of protein and introducing NO groups (much as a kinase protein function by reversible modification, and they introduces phosphates)(Pawloski et al., 2001). In this govern many of the same signal transduction pathways case, a redox-based signal that is initiated through an through overlapping sets of …