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This study examines the entry and exit of multinational enterprises (MNEs) across regions in China. It analyses the strategic entry and exit of MNEs in 31 Chinese provinces during the period 2001–07. The fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) reveals multiple regional competitiveness profiles, as configurations of economic and institutional conditions, which are associated with a large scale of MNE entries and/or exits. It is found that while MNEs tend to exit regions with deficiencies in economic conditions, they are attracted to regions with favourable economic conditions and low state intervention, which also results in heightened market competition leading to the restructuring of foreign investors.