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Among the multiple stresses that impact aquatic ecosystems globally stands out the presence of exotic invasive species in inland waters, which have been associated with the extinction of several species worldwide. Here, we review the main pathways of introduction into Mexico of exotic freshwater species and their impacts. Aquaculture and the aquarium trade are among the main pathways of introduction, followed by sport fishing, live bait, and forage, biological control, construction of channels, remediation/restoration, and natural dispersion. Nearly, 800 introduced species have been reported in the country, including several aquatic plants (e.g. Eichhornia crassipes, Hydrilla verticillata, Tamarix ramosissima, Arundo donax), mollusks (e.g. Melanoides tuberculata, Tarebia granifera, Dreissena bugensis), zooplankton (e.g. Daphnia lumholtzi, Mesocyclops aspericornis), crustaceans (e.g. Procambarus clarkii …