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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis has been referred to as the mother of all plant root symbioses as it predated the evolution of plant roots. The AM research is a multidisciplinary field at the intersection of soil science, mycology, and botany. However, in recent decades the nature and properties of soils, in which the AM symbiosis develops and functions, have received less attention than desired.

In this review we discuss a number of recent developments in AM research. We particularly cover the role of AM symbiosis in acquisition of phosphorus, nitrogen, heavy metals and metalloids, as well as water by plants from soil; mycorrhizal effects on plant nutritional stoichiometry and on the carbon cycle; the hyphosphere microbiome; so-called facultative mycorrhizal plants; explanations for lack of mycorrhizal benefit; common mycorrhizal networks; and arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal ecosystems …