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Background: It is still unclear why extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL) emerged in certain regions, such as Asia and South America, and initiated ENKTL lymphomagenesis in restricted upper airway or aerodigestive tract regions. Recently, reports have highlighted the profound relationship between the gut microbiome and immune system modulation. These associations can potentially influence cancer development and impact the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Therefore, we conducted a stool analysis to determine the newly diagnosed ENKTL (ND-ENKTL) microbiome characteristics. Additionally, a comparison analysis of microbiome composition among healthy individuals, newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ND-DLBCL), and ND-ENKTL was performed to identify potential clues that could influence ENKTL development and outcomes.

Methods: We have gathered and analyzed microbial data …