View article

4.1 Ratings of drivers of structural change 30 4.2 Competition and the need to invest in new technologies 31 4.3 Competition and the need to create access to new markets 33 4.3. 1 Emerging markets and the position of China 33 4.3. 2 Expanding markets in new crops: Rice and wheat 33 4.3. 3 Licensing and strategic alliances 34 4.3. 4 Biotechnology regulatory costs 35 4.4 Consequences for access to germplasm 36 4.4. 1 IP rights 36

4.4. 2 IP and legal costs 38 4.4. 3 Stewardship programmes and liability 38 4.5 Consequences for innovation 38 4.5. 1 Open innovation 38 4.5. 2 Public Private Partnerships 39 4.5. 3 Generic biotech seeds and traits 40 4.5. 4 From input traits to output traits 41