Authors
Biykem Bozkurt, Andrew JS Coats, Hiroyuki Tsutsui, Magdy Abdelhamid, Stamatis Adamopoulos, Nancy Albert, Stefan D Anker, John Atherton, Michael Böhm, Javed Butler, Mark H Drazner, G Michael Felker, Gerasimos Filippatos, Gregg C Fonarow, Mona Fiuzat, Juan–Esteban Gomez-Mesa, Paul Heidenreich, Teruhiko Imamura, James Januzzi, Ewa A Jankowska, Prateeti Khazanie, Koichiro Kinugawa, Carolyn SP Lam, Yuya Matsue, Marco Metra, Tomohito Ohtani, Massimo Francesco Piepoli, Piotr Ponikowski, Giuseppe MC Rosano, Yasushi Sakata, Petar Seferović, Randall C Starling, John R Teerlink, Orly Vardeny, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Clyde Yancy, Jian Zhang, Shelley Zieroth
Publication date
2021/4/1
Journal
Journal of cardiac failure
Volume
27
Issue
4
Pages
387-413
Publisher
Churchill Livingstone
Description
Summary of Key Points
In this document, we propose a universal definition of heart failure (HF) as the following: HF is a clinical syndrome with symptoms and or signs caused by a structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality and corroborated by elevated natriuretic peptide levels and or objective evidence of pulmonary or systemic congestion. We propose revised stages of HF as follows. At-risk for HF (Stage A), for patients at risk for HF but without current or prior symptoms or signs of HF and without structural or biomarkers evidence of heart disease. Pre-HF (stage B), for patients without current or prior symptoms or signs of HF, but evidence of structural heart disease or abnormal cardiac function, or elevated natriuretic peptide levels. HF (Stage C), for patients with current or prior symptoms and/or signs of HF caused by a structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality. Advanced HF (Stage D), for patients with …
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