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We live in and interact with many service systems in our daily life. As it matures, the service science community is gradually becoming increasingly focused on the study of holistic service systems, such as cities, universities, hospitals, luxury resort hotels, cruise ships, and the like, that can be described as somewhat self-contained entities that are an integrated system of systems. In each of these somewhat self-contained entities, one finds a range of systems including transportation, water, food, energy, communications, buildings, retail, finance, health, education, and governance. The study of holistic service systems is especially challenging, because local optimization does not necessarily lead to global optimization and small changes in one subsystem can lead to large consequences in other systems (Blomberg 2008; Maglio et al. 2006, 2009; Spohrer et al. 2007). The concept of a service system is resonating well …