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Rapid progress in information and communication technologies (ICTs) has fueled the popularity of e‐learning. However, an e‐learning environment is limited in that online instructors cannot monitor immediately whether students remain focus during online autonomous learning. Therefore, this study tries to develop a novel attention aware system (AAS) capable of recognizing students' attention levels accurately based on electroencephalography (EEG) signals, thus having high potential to be applied in providing timely alert for conveying low‐attention level feedback to online instructors in an e‐learning environment. To construct AAS, attention responses of students and their corresponding EEG signals are gathered based on a continuous performance test (CPT), ie, an attention assessment test. Next, the AAS is constructed by using training and testing data by the NeuroSky brainwave detector and the support …