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After performing hydraulic fracturing in shale reservoirs, the hydraulic fractures and their adjacent rocks can be damaged. Typically, the following fracture damage scenarios may occur: (1) choked fractures; (2) partially propped fractures with unpropped or poorly propped sections at the middle or tail of fractures; (3) fracture face damage; and (4) multiple damage cases. The classical fracture skin factors are derived under steady-state conditions. They are not accurate when the damaged length is relatively long and are not applicable for multiple damage and partially propped fractures. In this article, a new analytical model is established considering all above-mentioned fracture damage mechanisms, complex gas transport mechanisms, and the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) of shale gas reservoirs.

The matrix model is a spherical element model considering the slip flow, Knudsen diffusion, surface diffusion, and …