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Gasification and combustion processing is deemed reliable and feasible methods in response to concerns about landfilling – a traditional treatment due to rapid growth in disposal capacity and pollution. In gasification and combustion processing, various processes are integrated with different configurations to carry out energy conversion of the thermal treatment process and improve the energy recovery efficiency. This study aimed to propose an effective solution to waste treatment by considering the sustainability and economic perspectives. This paper provided the observation on the technical perspectives of the gasification and combustion processes: the properties of sludge, reactor, combustion or gasification media and operating conditions applied to sewage sludge treatment. In addition, the application of the thermodynamic cycle with various heat recovery strategies for electricity generation was summarized …