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Exercise training improves supportive care outcomes in patients with breast cancer who are receiving adjuvant therapy, but the responses are heterogeneous. In this study, the authors examined personal and clinical factors that may predict exercise training responses.

Breast cancer patients who were initiating adjuvant chemotherapy (N = 242) were assigned randomly to receive usual care (UC) (n = 82), resistance exercise training (RET) (n = 82), or aerobic exercise training (AET) (n = 78) for the duration of chemotherapy. Endpoints were quality of life (QoL), aerobic fitness, muscular strength, lean body mass, and body fat. Moderators were patient preference for group assignment, marital status, age, disease stage, and chemotherapy regimen.

Adjusted linear mixed‐model analyses demonstrated that patient preference moderated QoL response (P = .005). Patients who …