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This chapter examines how Australians engage with their political system–through voting at elections, and by other means. The functioning of democracy requires some degree of participation by citizens in the political process. Political participation by citizens is the means by which the popular will is expressed and exercised. In democracies, voting is the most important form of political participation, but participation also includes a wider variety of acts such as protesting, membership in political organisations, or contacting local representatives. As discussed in Chapter 1, modern democracy entails at least some degree of public participation–at minimum, voting–and has the potential for much more. Without people at least having a say about who is to govern, a democracy would quickly hollow out, and perhaps even cease to exist.