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Thermography-based breast cancer screening has several advantages as it is non-contact, non-invasive and safe. Many clinical trials have shown its effectiveness to detect cancer earlier than any other modality. Historically, thermography has only been used as an adjunct modality due to the high expertise required for manual interpretation of the thermal images and high false-positive rates otherwise found in general use. Recent developments in thermal sensors, image capture protocols and computer-aided software diagnostics are showing great promise in making this modality a mainstream cancer screening method. This chapter describes some of these advances in breast thermography and computeraided diagnostics that are poised to improve the quality of cancer care.