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The membrane separation technique is gaining constant importance due to its efficacy and wide applications. Among the large pool of polymers that are available for membrane preparation, biopolymers like chitosan are of great interest. Chitosan is biodegradable, nontoxic, and shows good biocompatibility. Chitosan membranes have been utilized in a variety of water purification applications which include the removal of dye, heavy metals, and proteins from wastewater. Chitosan membranes also have been used in forward osmosis desalination and oil-in-water emulsion separation. In carbon dioxide capture and air filtration, chitosan membranes have been employed. Proton exchange membranes made up of chitosan have been reported in the case of fuel cells. The biocompatibility of chitosan helped in the development of membranes for bone generation. This review chapter encompasses a large number of …