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The iconic Mount Kilimanjaro is Africa's highest peak and most popular geotouristic attraction. Volcanism began here at 2.5 Ma with activity focussed on three laterally aligned centres, Shira, Kibo and Mawenzi, until 200 ka (Nonette et al., 2008). Since then Strombolian activity from as many as 250 parasitic cones on the SE flanks of the mountain has dominated the record. Fumarolic activity continues at Kilimanjaro and many of the cones are of suspected Holocene age, yet the volcanic threat that this poses to the 2.6 million people living within a 100-km radius remains unconstrained (Brown et al., 2015). Improved cataloguing of the frequency and relative size of past eruptions is essential if we are to assess the potential for, and possible impacts of, further eruptions from Kilimanjaro. Deep lakes preserve volcanic ash (tephra) layers in their stratigraphically-resolved sediment sequences, often offering the most …