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10. It may not be ‘‘acid reflux.’’Women frequently attribute symptoms of ACS to indigestion, gastroesophageal reflux disease, stomach flu, or gas. Clinicians have been shown to do the same. This leads many women to misinterpret or minimize ACS symptoms as being not serious and delay in seeking treatment.

11. Men explode; women erodeV at least in the case of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. 2 The pathophysiology of IHD can vary between women and men. Men are more likely to have obstructive coronary artery disease, whereas women may suffer from coronary microvascular and endothelial dysfunction without obstruction, leading to abnormal coronary flow reserve that is not captured on coronary angiogram.