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Maxillofacial trauma represents a significant cause of morbidity and financial cost in the United States. More than three million people sustain maxillofacial injuries each year, 1 and many of these injuries require hospital admission. In 2007, the cost of treatment of facial fractures in US emergency departments was nearly one billion dollars. 2 Imaging plays an important role in the management of pa tients with maxillofacial trauma. Proper imaging allows for the rapid diagnosis of craniofacial fractures and associated in juries. Cross-sectional imaging, particularly the use of threedimensional (3D) reconstructions, has become vital to surgical planning. Intraoperative computed tomography (CT) has in creasingly been used to provide essential anatomic informa tion directly at the point of care. This chapter discusses the causes of maxillofacial injuries, the major patterns of facial fractures, and current imaging practices concerning maxillofa cial trauma.