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We examined the psychological adjustment of 318 adults adopted at birth and 131 adults not adopted at birth, in the domains of personality, aggression, delinquency, symptoms of psychological disorders, and cognitive abilities (while controlling for age, sibship size, and recruitment method). Adoptees and non-adoptees differed in all domains studied, but the differences were small overall, and most adoptees had non-problematic adjustment. Age at the time of participation did not moderate the relationships between adoption and adjustment. Later age at adoption was associated with more negative outcomes, especially in the area of cognitive abilities, and especially in men. There were few differences between adoptees who had attempted to discover their biological family and those who had not.