Authors
Beate Ritz, Alberto Ascherio, Harvey Checkoway, Karen S Marder, Lorene M Nelson, Walter A Rocca, G Webster Ross, Daniel Strickland, Stephen K Van Den Eeden, Jay Gorell
Publication date
2007/7/1
Journal
Archives of neurology
Volume
64
Issue
7
Pages
990-997
Publisher
American Medical Association
Description
Context
Epidemiologic studies have reported that cigarette smoking is inversely associated with Parkinson disease (PD). However, questions remain regarding the effect of age at smoking onset, time since quitting, and race/ethnicity that have not been addressed due to sample size constraints. This comprehensive assessment of the apparent reduced risk of PD associated with smoking may provide important leads for treatment and prevention.
Objective
To determine whether race/ethnicity, sex, education, age at diagnosis, and type of tobacco modify the observed effects of smoking on PD.
Design, Setting, and Participants
We conducted the first ever pooled analysis of PD combining individual-level data from 8 US case-control and 3 cohort studies (Nurses' Health Study, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, and Honolulu-Asia Aging Study) conducted between 1960 and 2004. Case-control studies provided data for …
Total citations
Scholar articles
B Ritz, A Ascherio, H Checkoway, KS Marder… - Archives of neurology, 2007