Authors
Goncalo Cardoso, Michael Stadler, Mohammed C Bozchalui, Ratnesh Sharma, Chris Marnay, Ana Barbosa-Póvoa, Paulo Ferrao
Publication date
2014/1/1
Journal
Energy
Volume
64
Pages
17-30
Publisher
Pergamon
Description
The large scale penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) will introduce technical challenges to the distribution grid, but also carries the potential for vehicle-to-grid services. Namely, if available in large enough numbers, EVs can be used as a distributed energy resource (DER) and their presence can influence optimal DER investment and scheduling decisions in microgrids. In this work, a novel EV fleet aggregator model is introduced in a stochastic formulation of DER-CAM [1], an optimization tool used to address DER investment and scheduling problems. This is used to assess the impact of EV interconnections on optimal DER solutions considering uncertainty in EV driving schedules. Optimization results indicate that EVs can have a significant impact on DER investments, particularly if considering short payback periods. Furthermore, results suggest that uncertainty in driving schedules carries little significance to total …
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