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In the early days of the internet it was hoped that going online would bring communities together, help people find each other and that social media would become a powerful advocacy tool as communities could better campaign for the causes they believed in. Instead, gender discrimination, trolling, and abusive behavior are rife on the internet. This introduction summarizes some of the main strands of literature examining women online, and provides context on women in the digital world. The chapters in the book include research on gender and politics from political actors’ and citizens’ perspective, examine the role of women within the tech industry, look at online harassment, at how women are treated online, and how NGOs deal with evidence of mistreatment of women.