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Supermolecular structure of linters cellulose at the cellulose I–II phase transition is investigated by wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (quantitative phase analysis, degree of crystallinity by the method of Ruland and Vonk, and lateral crystallite sizes via peak separation by Pearson VII functions). A survey of models of cellulose structure recently discussed in literature is given. The compatibility of these models with the obtained WAXS results is checked. As a conclusion, some of the models especially the parallel–antiparallel transition of chain arrangement are outruled and a nonuniform fringed fibrillar model in connection with a conformation transition from bent to bent and twisted single chain conformation is preferred.