Authors
Bent Flyvbjerg
Publication date
2014/2/1
Journal
Project Management Journal. Winner of Paper of the Year Award from the Project Management Institute and Project Management Journal. Listed on SSRN's All-Time Top-Ten download list for Development; Top-Ten in Macroeconomics
Volume
45
Issue
2
Pages
6-19
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Description
This paper takes stock of megaproject management, an emerging and hugely costly field of study, by first answering the question of how large megaprojects are by measuring them in the units of mega, giga, and tera, and concluding with how we are presently entering a new “tera era” of trillion-dollar projects. Second, total global megaproject spending is assessed, at US$6 to US$9 trillion annually, or 8% of the total global gross domestic product (GDP), which denotes the biggest investment boom in human history. Third, four “sublimes”—political, technological, economic, and aesthetic—are identified and used to explain the increased size and frequency of megaprojects. Fourth, the “iron law of megaprojects” is laid out and documented: Over budget, over time, over and over again. Moreover, the “break–fix model” of megaproject management is introduced as an explanation of the iron law. Fifth, Albert O. Hirschman …
Total citations
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