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Background:

Exposure to ambient PM 2.5 is known to affect lipid metabolism through systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence from developing countries, such as India with high levels of ambient PM 2.5 and distinct lipid profiles, is sparse.

Methods:

Longitudinal nonlinear mixed-effects analysis was conducted on> 10,000 participants of Centre for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) cohort in Chennai and Delhi, India. We examined associations between 1-month and 1-year average ambient PM 2.5 exposure derived from the spatiotemporal model and lipid levels (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TRIG], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]) measured longitudinally, adjusting for residential and neighborhood-level confounders.

Results:

The mean annual exposure in Chennai and Delhi was 40 and 102 μg/m 3 respectively …