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Polysaccharide is an abundant and reproducible natural material that is biocompatible and biodegradable. Polysaccharide and its derivatives also possess distinctive properties such as hydrophilicity, mechanical stability, as well as tunable functionality. Polysaccharide‐based hydrogels can be constructed via the physical and/or chemical crosslinking of polysaccharide derivatives with different functional molecules, as porous network structures or nanofibrillar structures. This review discusses the biomedical applications of polysaccharide‐based hydrogels containing native polysaccharides, polysaccharide derivatives, and polysaccharide‐composite hydrogels. Recent works on the fabrication, physical properties, advanced engineering, biomedical applications of cellulose‐, chitosan‐, alginate‐, and starch‐based hydrogels are also elaborated. Such porous swelling scaffolds exhibit great advantages at the …