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An accurate description of machine tool dynamics is essential for health monitoring, chatter prevention, and improvement of manufacturing accuracy. The standard identification approach of experimental modal analysis at the standstill of the machine does not realize the possible variations in the dynamics due to operational conditions. The in-process identification methods in the literature, on the other hand, are associated with implementation difficulties in industrial environments due to the required complex and specially-designed setup, limited excitation forms, or excessive measurement efforts. This paper proposes an industrial-friendly method to estimate the in-process structural dynamics of machine tools, considering practical demands and implementation limits. Knowing that the operational dependency of the dynamics is associated with the machine and spindle structure, the machine–spindle and holder–tool …