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Millennia of intensive use have led to severe land degradation in the Mediterranean basin, much of which is now under serious risk of desertification. Very large extents are presently covered with scrub dominated by plants of the genus Cistus. The level of soil protection provided by these shrubs is proportional to their biomass, so it is important to be able to quantify this variable. The potential for mapping Cistus scrub biomass using optical satellite imagery was investigated in this study. It was found that the peculiar adaptations of the Cistus to summer drought strongly influence its spectral behaviour, which, during this season, is similar to that of vegetation of arid and semi-arid regions. During the rainy winter this pattern changes and becomes very similar to that of active green vegetation. In summer images, individual Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) bands, including the near-infrared band, presented negative …