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Dyes have different categories, and each is used in one of the industries according to its appearance and physical characteristics. Dyes have severe toxicity and carcinogenic effects, which in water effluents contaminates the aquatic system and threatens other parts of the ecosystem and humans. Dye removal using absorption and photocatalytic properties has been the subject of various fundamental researches. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) as a photocatalyst is a good choice because of its many excellent features, like adjustable optical band gap and excellent chemical and thermal stability. Although this catalyst has great potential to eliminate contamination, its use is limited because of the low separation of excited carriers. Therefore, modifying the existing graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst is necessary to improve its properties and overcome the drawbacks. Considering the number of published …