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The seed and seed oil of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge has high value in multiple applications, but varies considerably in different populations. To provide a basis for seed selection, physicochemical traits of the seeds from 13 areas were determined and analyzed in relation to geographical-climatic factors. Most mineral elements and fatty acids exhibited positive correlations with longitude. Seeds from Mudanjiang had the highest concentrations of crude fat, soluble sugar, N, Ca, Zn, Mn, and saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Concentrations of K, Mg, and Cu were highest in Fuxin, and P and Fe were highest in Qingyang. The concentrations of the investigated components indicated that the seeds from the three areas (Mudanjiang, Fuxin, and Qingyang) were suitable for the production of cooking oil, biological products, and health food products. Seeds from Yonghe and Hunyuan had large size and may be …