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We report on the quantitative proteomic analysis of single mammalian cells. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting was employed to deposit cells into a newly developed nanodroplet sample processing chip, after which samples were analyzed by ultrasensitive nanoLC‐MS. An average of circa 670 protein groups were confidently identified from single HeLa cells, which is a far greater level of proteome coverage for single cells than has been previously reported. We demonstrate that the single‐cell proteomics platform can be used to differentiate cell types from enzyme‐dissociated human lung primary cells and identify specific protein markers for epithelial and mesenchymal cells.