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Despite of energy transition — from traditional to commercial fuels — that has been occurring in the last three decades, the role of non-forest fuelwood in fulfilling domestic energy in rural areas of Indonesia is still significant. A study on fuelwood use and the contribution of agroecosystem components in fulfilling fuelwood requirements was carried out in the Citarum Watershed, a watershed that has been experiencing very rapid development in agricultural and industrial sectors in West Java, Indonesia. The study examines the importance of non-forest sources of fuelwood for domestic energy and estimates the subsidy gained from fuelwood use (in kerosene equivalent and US$ equivalent). The results indicate that, even though there has been a transition in the type of energy used in the study area, fuelwood use is still significant. Although, the agricultural landscape in the watershed is rapidly changing, the existing …