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The frequency and severity of drought are increasing in the context of global warming. Elucidating the responses of crop productivity to drought is essential for informing agricultural management and ensuring food security. Here we used satellite-derived solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) data and vegetation indices to evaluate the impacts of the 2012 drought on crop productivity in the U.S. Midwest. We used SIF from the global, OCO-2 based SIF product (GOSIF; 0.05°, 8-day), GOME-2 SIF product (0.5°, monthly), and three MODIS-derived vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI, and NIRv). We compared the seasonal cycles and anomalies of SIF and VIs from 2008 to 2018. We also examined to what extent these proxies could capture the variations of gross primary production (GPP) for eddy covariance flux sites. SIF and VIs were able to capture the seasonal cycle in drought and normal years. SIF better captured …