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The. overactive. bladder.(OAB). picture. has. dramatically. changed. in. the. last. 20. years.. A. quarter. century. ago,. this. symptom. complex. did. not. even. exist.. Bladder. hyperactivity. and. urgency. incontinence. were. separate. entities. poorly. understood. and. treated. only. with. the. first-generation. antimuscarinic. medications,. propantheline. and. oxybutynin.. Only. in. early. 2000. came. the. concept. of. this. syndrome. made. of. four. intimately. linked. symptoms. that. we. today. call. OAB.. With. this. concept,. new. pharmacological. agents. were. launched.. These. new. agents. may. have. not. dramatically. improved. symptoms. in. comparison. with. older. agents,. but. undeniably. have. a. more. tolerable. side. effect. profile,. leading. to. better. compliance. and. adherence.. Neuromodulation. was. introduced. a. few. years. later,. giving. hope. to. the. worst. OAB. cases,. but. with. a. limited. applicability. due. to. its …