Authors
Minghui Hu, Ponnuthurai N Suganthan
Publication date
2022/9/1
Journal
Pattern Recognition
Volume
129
Pages
108744
Publisher
Pergamon
Description
Random Vector Functional Link (RVFL) Networks have received a lot of attention due to the fast training speed as the non-iterative solution characteristic. Currently, the main research direction of RVFLs has supervised learning, including semi-supervised and multi-label. There are hardly any unsupervised research results for RVFLs. In this paper, we propose the unsupervised RVFL (usRVFL), and the unsupervised framework is generic that can be used with other RVFL variants, thus we extend it to an ensemble deep variant, unsupervised deep RVFL (usdRVFL). The unsupervised method is based on the manifold regularization while the deep variant is related to the consensus clustering method, which can increase the capability and diversity of RVFLs. Our unsupervised approaches also benefit from fast training speed, even the deep variant offers a very competitive computation efficiency. Empirical experiments …
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