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Method: Porcine kidneys were subjected to 30 minutes of warm ischemia, 24 hours of oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion, and 6 hours of normothermic machine perfusion with various treatments (ie, untreated control, TFG-β, galunisertib, or TGF-β+ galunisertib; n= 8 kidneys per group). To determine whether effects persisted upon ceasing treatment, kidney slices were prepared from respective kidneys and incubated for 48 hours (Figure 1a).

Results: Galunisertib supplementation improved the general viability, characterized by increased oxygen consumption, elevated ATP levels, and attenuated tubular dilation and necrosis. No significant differences in renal function, oxidative stress levels, or injury markers were observed. Galunisertib altered inflammation markers by causing a significant increase in gene expression of TNF-α, and a significant decrease of IL-6 after 6h NMP. This was supported by IL-6 …