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PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of exercise training delivery between the face-to-face and online (Zoom) mode.

METHODS: A total of 59 patients (age: 65.7±6.9 yrs-old) with diabetes and/or hypertension completed a 12-week exercise program (60 minutes/session, one session/week) delivered through either a face-to-face (n= 27) or videoconferencing system (Zoom)(n= 32). Health-related physical fitness including handgrip (muscular strength), 30-second chair stand test (lower body strength), chair sit-and-reach test (lower limb flexibility), and 2-minute step test (aerobic endurance) were measured at the baseline and post-intervention.

RESULTS: Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in all health-related fitness parameters (p<. 05) except the 30-second chair stand test on face-to-face group. Only the 30-second chair-stand test found significant interaction (p<. 001). Score of 30-second chair …