Authors
Yuri Y Shprits, Dmitriy Subbotin, Alexander Drozdov, Maria E Usanova, Adam Kellerman, Ksenia Orlova, Daniel N Baker, Drew L Turner, Kyung-Chan Kim
Publication date
2013/11
Journal
Nature Physics
Volume
9
Issue
11
Pages
699-703
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group UK
Description
Radiation in space was the first discovery of the space age. Earth’s radiation belts consist of energetic particles that are trapped by the geomagnetic field and encircle the planet. The electron radiation belts usually form a two-zone structure with a stable inner zone and a highly variable outer zone, which forms and disappears owing to wave–particle interactions on the timescale of a day, and is strongly influenced by the very-low-frequency plasma waves. Recent observations revealed a third radiation zone at ultrarelativistic energies, with the additional medium narrow belt (long-lived ring) persisting for approximately 4 weeks. This new ring resulted from a combination of electron losses to the interplanetary medium and scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves to the Earth’s atmosphere. Here we show that ultrarelativistic electrons can stay trapped in the outer zone and remain unaffected by the very-low …
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